سگي بسيار قوي اي است واصلا ترس را نمي شناسد واز سال 1631 ميلادي مشهور شده است.پوزه ي او بسيار قوي وبسيار محكم وپهن است.جمجمه ي معتدل وبسيار محكمي دارد ودندان هايش جدا از هم اند وشديد گاز مي گيرد وطرف رامحكم نگه مي دارد.پاهاي جلويي پهن وكوتاه اند واين به استقامت حيوان كمك مي كند.بيني او تورفته است تا درموقع گرفتن ونگه داشتن دشمن بتواند به خوبي نفس بكشد.درسال 1838 نگه داري بولداگ در انگلستان ممنوع شد ونژاد اين سگ در شرف نابودي بود ولي به علت صفات ممتازه اش درحراست وپاسباني در مقابل اشرار وقاتلين وصميميت ووفاداري ذاتي او يك رفيق وهمدم انگليس ها شد.بهترين امتياز او استحكام عجيب جمجمه ي چين دارش است.كه ضربه ي فوق العاده شديد هم دران اثر نمي كند.سرسختي او درمقابل دشمن اورابه سگ جنگجو معروف كرده است.با همه ي اين قوت وقدرت فقط حدود سي كيلو وزن دارد.در فراگرفتن تعليم بي اندازه مستعد است.رنگ انها روشن وصافاست.اغلب سفيد،قرمز،قرمز مايل به زردي يازرد كمرنگ،يك رنگ يالكه دارسياه وسفيداند.از گرماي زياد وناگهاني بايد اوراحفظ كرد.بعلت خرخر فوق العاده ي انها نبايد دراتاق خواب مسكن نمايند.اطفال را بحد پرستش دوست دارند.در پشت ظاهر ترسناكش قلبي مهربان ورئوف دارد.از اميزش بولداگ وماستيف نژادي به بام بولماستيف bullmastif به دست مي ايد كه درسال 1924 شناخته شده است وسگي ست خيلي قوي وبلندي ان به شصت وپنج سانتيمتر ميرسد.بولداگ اندازه ي معين واستانداردي ندارد وگوش هاي ان شبيه گل رز است.
Description
Appearance
Bulldog appearance
Build: Heavy musculature, thick-set neck and shoulders, low-slung body
Weight: 53-55 pounds (24-25kg.) within United Kingdom
Height: 11-14 inches
Coat: Short, smooth
Color: Red, fawn, brindle, pale yellow or washed-out red, or white, or any combination of these colors
Head: Thick, massive, short-faced, broad, with cheeks extending to sides of the eyes, skin on the skull and forehead falling in dense folds, muzzle short and pug, nose broad and black with large nostrils, upper lip pendent and lower jaw very undershot
Teeth: Large, strong
Eyes: Very round, far apart and very dark
Ears: Small and thin, folded back in the form of a rose
Tail: Short and carries low
Limbs: Stocky, set squarely
Feet: Moderate, compact, firmly set
Life span: Median 12 years
Its shape results in an unusual gait, often called a "rolling gait". Bulldogs are known for their short muzzles and the saggy skin on their faces, creating the apparent "frown" that has become a trademark of the breed. Bulldogs come in a variety of colours and ideally have a smooth, short coat. The only disqualifier for the breed in the show ring is a liver colored nose, although black-coated bulldogs are not preferred. In the US, the size of a typical mature male is about 50 pounds; that for mature females is about 40 pounds. In the United Kingdom, the breed standard is 55 pounds for a male and 50 pounds for a female.
Temperament and characteristics
Contrary to popular beliefs, bulldogs are generally docile, friendly and gregarious but occasionally willful. Breeders have worked to breed aggression out of the breed, and as such the dog is known to be of generally good temperament. Bulldogs can be so attached to home and family that they will not venture out of the yard without a human companion. Due to their friendly nature bulldogs are known for getting along well with children, other dogs and pets.
A bulldog is suitable for houses as well as apartments due to their size and comparative lack of energy, but puppies may be destructive until they reach maturity. They are easily trainable as compared with many other breeds.
Health
The bulldog is prone to health issues. Breathing issues can be prevalent in the breed due to the shape of the "undershot" lower jaw and the shortness of muzzle, which was originally bred for gripping. In particular, bulldogs are known to snore. In the United Kingdom, some dogs can be prone to interstitial cysts, which are cysts which form between the toes. These cause the dog some discomfort, though they are treatable either by vet or an experienced owner. Other problems can include cherry eye, certain allergies, and amongst older bulldogs hip issues.
Because of the large heads in proportion to body size, puppies are frequently delivered by Caesarean section as they can get stuck in the birth canal during natural birth. However, it is not uncommon for a bulldog to whelp naturally and successfully.
Bulldogs require daily cleaning of their face folds to avoid unwanted infections caused by moisture accumulation. Daily teeth brushing with a regular human soft toothbrush using a vet approved toothpaste is also recommended.
Like all dogs, bulldogs require daily exercise. If not properly exercised the bulldog could gain weight, which could cause health problems relating to the lungs and heart. Bulldogs are extremely sensitive to heat and cold and great care should be given to the dog during overly warm periods. During these times, the owner should ensure that the dog has plenty of shade, water and should be ideally kept out of standing heat.
As the breed has developed, the tail in some dogs can be tight to the body and can cause infection if not treated or cleaned underneath regularly.
History
The term "bulldog" was first used around 1568[1] and might have been applied to various ancestors of modern bulldog breeds. Bulldogs were bred in England as a cross between the mastiff and the pug.
In the 1600s, bulldogs were used for bullbaiting (as well as bearbaiting), a gambling sport popular in the 17th century with wagers laid in which trained bulldogs leapt at a bull lashed to a post, latched onto its snout and attempted to suffocate it.[2] Bulldogs have many distinct characteristics that were bred into them so they would be better suited to bullbaiting. The bulldog's body is short, low to the ground and compact, allowing it to be able to scuttle or crawl low under the bull's horns. The lower jaw sticks out further than the top one allowing the bulldog to grip on the nose of the animal and still be able to breathe due to the lay-back of the nose. The wrinkles on the bulldogs face allow the blood from the other animal to run down the bulldogs face instead of going into its eyes.
The oldest single breed specialty club is The Bulldog Club (England), which was formed in 1875. Members of this club met frequently at the Blue Post pub on Oxford Street in London. There they wrote the first standard of perfection for the breed. In 1891 the two top bulldogs, Orry and Dockleaf, competed in a contest to see which dog could walk the farthest. Orry was reminiscent of the original bulldogs, lighter boned and very athletic. Dockleaf was smaller and heavier set, more like modern bulldogs. Dockleaf was declared the winner that year. Although some argued that the older version of the bulldog was more fit to perform, the modern version’s looks won over the fans of the breed because they proved they were equally as fit and athletic in the walking competition.
Recently, many people have tried to recreate a breed more akin to the original bullbaiter. Examples of the trend are the Olde English Bulldogge, Renascence Bulldogge, Victorian, Continental and Dorset Old Tyme Bulldog. The American Kennel Club does not recognize any of these newly "recreated" breeds of dogs.
Popular mascot
Because of its tenacity, the bulldog is a symbol of the United Kingdom and is a popular mascot of dozens of American universities, as well as numerous high schools throughout the United States of America.
نشانکگذاری